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Vješalica za avion

Feb 11, 2022 Ostavi poruku

A hangar is a closed building structure to hold aviona or svemirska letjelica. Hangars are built of metal, wood, or concrete. The word hangar comes from Middle French hanghart ("enclosure near a house"), of Germanic origin, from Frankish haimgard ("home-enclosure", "fence around a group of houses"), from haim ("home, village, hamlet") and gard ("yard"). gard comes from the Old Norse garðr ("enclosure, garden").

Hangari se koriste za zaštitu od vremenskih nepogoda, direktne sunčeve svjetlosti i za održavanje, popravku, proizvodnju, montažu i skladištenje aviona.

Sadržaj

istorija 

The Wright Flyer outside the aircraft's makeshift hangar

The Braća Rajt stored and repaired their aircraft in a wooden hangar constructed in 1902 at Ubiti Devil Hills in Sjeverna Karolina for their jedrilica. After completing design and construction of the Wright Flyer in Ohio, the brothers returned to Kill Devil Hills only to find their hangar damaged. They repaired the structure and constructed a new workshop while they waited for the Flyer to be shipped.

Carl Richard Nyberg's hangar for his Flugan (fly) from 1908, Täcka udden in Lidingö, Švedska

Carl Richard Nyberg used a hangar to store his 1908 Flugan (fly) in the early 20th century and in 1909, Louis Bleriot crash-landed on a northern French farm in Les Baraques (between Sangatte and Calais) and rolled his monoplane into the farmer's cattle pen. Bleriot was in a race to be the first man to cross the engleski kanal in a teže-od-zduha aircraft, and he and set up his headquarters in the unused shed. In Britain, the earliest aircraft hangars were known as šupe za avione, and the oldest survivors of these are at Larkhill, Wiltshire. These were built in 1910 for the Bristol School of Flying and are now Grade II Navedene zgrade. British aviation pioneer Alliott Verdon Roe built one of the first aeroplane sheds in 1907 at Brooklands, Surrey and full-size replicas of this and the 1908 Roe biplane are on display at Brooklands Museum.

As aviation became established in Britain before World War I, standard designs of hangar gradually appeared with military types too such as the Bessonneau hangar and the side-opening aeroplane shed of 1913, both of which were soon adopted by the Kraljevski leteći korpus. Examples of the latter survive at Farnborough, Filton and Montrose airfields. During World War I, other standard designs included the RFC General Service Flight Shed and the Admiralty F-Type of 1916, the General Service Shed (featuring the characteristic Belfast{0}}truss roof and built-in various sizes) and the Handley Page aeroplane shed (1918).

Izgradnja 

Čelična konstrukcijaedit

Sheds built for rigid airships survive at Moffett Field, Kalifornija; Akron, Ohajo; Weeksville, Sjeverna Karolina; Lakehurst, New Jersey; Vazdušna baza Santa Cruz in Brazil; and Cardington, Bedfordshire. Čelični kruti hangari za vazdušne brodove jedni su od najvećih na svijetu.

Hangar 1, Lakehurst, is located at Naval Air Engineering Station Lakehurst (formerly Naval Air Station Lakehurst), New Jersey. The structure was completed in 1921 and is typical of airship hangar designs of World War I. The site is best known for the Hindenburg disaster, when on May 6, 1937, the German airship Hindenburg crashed and burned while landing. Hangar No.1 at Lakehurst was used to build and store the American USS Shenandoah. The hangar also provided service and storage for the airships USS los angeles, Akron, Macon, as well as the Graf Zeppelin and the Hindenburg.

The largest hangars ever built include the Goodyear Airdock measuring 1,175x325x211 feet1 and Hangar One (Mountain View, Kalifornija) measuring 1,133 ft  308 ft  198 ft (345 m  94 m  60 m). The Goodyear Airdock, is in Akron, Ohio and the structure was completed on November 25, 1929. The Airdock was used for the construction of the USS Akron and her sister ship, the USS Macon.

Hangar One at Moffett Federal Field (formerly Naval Air Station Moffett Field), is located in Mountain View, California. The structure was completed in 1931. It housed the USS Macon.

 

 

Konstrukcija od tkanine 

Main article: CargoLifter

A hangar for Cargolifter was built at Brand-Aerodrom Briesen 1,180 ft (360 m) long, 705 ft (215 m) wide and 348 ft (106 m) high and is a free standing steel-dome "barrel-bowl" construction large enough to fit the ajfelova kula on its side. The company went into insolventnost and in June 2003, the facilities were sold off and the hangar za dirižabl was converted to a 'tropical paradise'-themed indoor holiday resort called Tropical Islands, koja je otvorena 2004.

An alternative to the fixed hangar is a portable shelter that can be used for aircraft storage and maintenance. Portable strukture tkanine can be built up to 215 ft (66 m) wide, 100 ft (30 m) high and any length. They are able to accommodate several aircraft and can be increased in size and even relocated when necessary.potreban citat

Strukture i veličine 

Za izgradnju hangara su potrebne posebne konstrukcije. Širina vrata mora biti velika; ovo uključuje ulaz u avion. Što je veći avion koji će biti uveden, to je potrebna složenija struktura. Prema rasponu hangara, veličine se mogu klasificirati na sljedeći način:

VeličinaRaspon (metri)
SManje od 30 m
M30–60 m
L60–90 m
XL90–120 m
XXLViše od 120 m

XXL hangars are built for the largest aircraft in the world like the Airbus A380, Boeing 747 and the Antonov 225, koji su najsloženiji za postavljanje.4

Regulativa 

Hangari su obično regulisani građevinskim propisima u zemljama i jurisdikcijama i aerodromima u kojima borave. U augustu 2014. američka FAA je predložila zakon o tome kako se hangar može koristiti na aerodromima koji dobivaju državna sredstva. Definicija dozvoljenih aktivnosti uključivala je konačnu montažu aviona.5

Hangari za vazdušni brod 

Hangari za vazdušni brod or airship sheds are generally larger than conventional aircraft hangars, particularly in height. Most early airships used vodonik gas to provide them with sufficient buoyancy for flight, so their hangars had to provide protection from stray sparks to keep the gas from exploding. Hangars that held several airships were at risk from chain-reaction explosions. For this reason, most hangars for hydrogen-based airships were built to house only one or two such craft. During the "Golden Age" of airship travel from 1900, mooring masts and sheds were constructed to build and house airships. The British government built a shed in Karachi for the R101, the Brazilian government built one in Rio de Janeiro, the pt: Hangar do Zeppelin for the German Zeppelini, and the U.S. government constructed Moffett Field, Mountain View, California and Pomorska zračna stanica Lakehurst, Lakehurst, New Jersey.

Hangari na brodovima 

The helicopter hangar of an Akizuki-klasa razarač.

Many ratni brodovi carry aircraft and will often have hangars for storage and maintenance. Such hangars may be situated adjacent to the pilotska paluba on krstarice, razarači and fregate or underneath the flight deck with liftovi to lift the aircraft on nosača aviona and amfibijski jurišni brodovi. Na nekim plovilima gdje je prostora malo, hangar i pilotska paluba dijele isti prostor, s tim da se hangar sprema za letenje.

Galerija